Skip to content
Home » What Happens To Charlie In Flowers For Algernon? The Tragic Downfall

What Happens To Charlie In Flowers For Algernon? The Tragic Downfall

Flowers For Algernon Plot Diagram | Key Analysis & Example

What happens to Charlie after Algernon dies?

After Algernon dies, Charlie returns home to see his mother. He wants to face his past and the woman who raised him. Charlie’s mother is now elderly and senile. She doesn’t recognize him as the intelligent, evolved man he has become. Instead, she sees glimpses of both the old Charlie and the new one. She fluctuates between memories of his past and his present, not grasping the rapid decline of his intellect.

The time that Charlie has left is running out. Algernon’s death signifies the end of Charlie’s mental boost. He’s slowly returning to his former self, losing the intelligence he once had. While his mother sees both Charlies, she cannot understand the reality of his situation. This lack of understanding adds to the emotional burden Charlie is carrying. Charlie’s mother, in her own way, is a final reminder of the world he is losing, the life he can no longer fully experience. His mother is a window into his past, a reminder of who he was before the surgery, and a reminder of the life he will soon be forced to return to. It’s a bittersweet moment of recognition and a painful realization of the temporary nature of the changes he underwent. He returns to his old life, but carries the knowledge and memories of the brief time he lived as a brilliant man.

What happens to Charlie at the end of the story?

At the end of the story, Charlie is taken to a home for care. This is because his mental state has deteriorated, and he needs a supportive environment to help him manage his challenges.

It’s important to remember that Charlie’s journey is one of both loss and growth. While his cognitive abilities decline, he experiences moments of clarity and joy. The story emphasizes that Charlie is more than his disability; he is a complex individual with a rich inner world. The care facility represents a safe haven for Charlie to receive the specialized attention he needs, enabling him to live a fulfilling life, even in the face of his limitations.

The story’s ending underscores the importance of compassion and understanding when dealing with individuals facing cognitive decline. It reminds us that even as someone’s mental capabilities diminish, their humanity and dignity remain intact. Charlie’s journey serves as a poignant reminder that everyone deserves care, respect, and the opportunity to live a life filled with meaning and purpose.

What did they do to Charlie in Flowers for Algernon?

Charlie, with an original IQ of only 68, undergoes experimental neurosurgery that significantly increases his intelligence. After nine months, his IQ nearly triples, leading to new challenges and experiences. He discovers the world around him with a fresh perspective and finds himself grappling with the complex emotions and conflicts that come with his newfound intelligence.

The surgery, known as the Algernon-Gordon procedure, was designed to enhance cognitive abilities. It involved a complex process of implanting neural tissue from a genetically engineered mouse named Algernon into Charlie’s brain. This mouse had been subjected to similar surgery and displayed remarkable intelligence. Scientists believed that by transferring the neural tissue from Algernon to Charlie, they could replicate the same enhanced cognitive abilities in Charlie.

While the surgery was a success in terms of boosting Charlie’s IQ, it came with unforeseen consequences. The experimental nature of the procedure meant that there were unknown long-term effects. As Charlie’s intelligence surged, he also started experiencing emotional and psychological turmoil, struggling to reconcile his past self with his present reality. The rapid transformation left him feeling alienated and isolated, as he found himself unable to connect with his former friends and colleagues.

The Algernon-Gordon procedure represented a breakthrough in neuroscientific research, but it also highlighted the complexities and potential risks involved in manipulating human intelligence. While it offered Charlie the chance to experience a world he never thought possible, it also presented him with profound challenges and a bittersweet reality. The procedure ultimately raised crucial ethical questions about the potential benefits and consequences of tampering with the human mind.

What happens in the end of Flowers for Algernon?

Charlie’s intelligence gradually fades, and he returns to his former mental state. Algernon dies, and Charlie buries him, placing flowers on his grave. He tries to tie up loose ends before his intelligence fully diminishes. He visits his sister Norma, who still cares for their mother.

Charlie’s decline is a heartbreaking and poignant process. He becomes aware of his diminishing abilities, and the fear and frustration he experiences are palpable. He tries to hold on to his memories and the relationships he built, but he eventually loses the ability to do so. It’s a stark reminder that even the most extraordinary changes are not permanent. In the end, Charlie accepts his fate, finding solace in the love of his family and the memories of the time he spent with Algernon. His final act, burying Algernon and decorating his grave, symbolizes the deep bond they shared and the profound impact Algernon had on his life. Though Charlie’s intelligence is lost, the impact of his journey, and the lessons he learned, remain. His story teaches us about the importance of cherishing every moment and appreciating the value of human connection, regardless of our abilities. It is a reminder that even in the face of loss, there is beauty and meaning to be found.

What is Charlie Gordon’s IQ?

Charlie is 32 years old. He has an IQ of 68. Throughout his life, Charlie has dreamed of being smart. His mother shares this dream. When she realizes that it’s unlikely to happen, she becomes upset and threatens to kill him. Charlie’s father decides to take him to live with his Uncle Herman.

It’s important to understand that an IQ of 68 places Charlie in the range of mild intellectual disability. This means that he has significant challenges with learning and problem-solving. He might struggle with reading, writing, and basic math. He could also have difficulty with social skills and understanding complex concepts. It’s important to remember that IQ is just one measure of intelligence, and it doesn’t tell the whole story. Charlie is a complex individual with his own unique talents and abilities. Even though he faces challenges, he has a strong desire to learn and grow. His journey to improve his intellect is both inspiring and heartbreaking.

Why was Flowers for Algernon banned?

Explicit Language and Sexual Content

*Flowers for Algernon* has been challenged in some schools and libraries because of its mature themes. The novel contains scenes and references to sexual behavior and language that some readers may find inappropriate. This is because the novel explores the complexities of human relationships and the challenges of navigating a world where societal norms are constantly shifting.

Understanding the Context

It’s crucial to understand the context of the novel’s content. The story follows Charlie Gordon, a man with intellectual disabilities, as he undergoes a groundbreaking experimental procedure to enhance his intelligence. This journey leads him to explore the complexities of human relationships, including love, desire, and intimacy.

*Flowers for Algernon* explores these themes in a realistic and often raw manner. It delves into the social and emotional challenges that Charlie faces as he grapples with his newfound intelligence and navigates a world that often fails to understand or appreciate him.

The Importance of Open Dialogue

The novel’s exploration of these themes sparks important conversations about the nature of intelligence, the complexities of human relationships, and the challenges of social inclusion. While some readers might find the novel’s mature content challenging, it’s important to remember that *Flowers for Algernon* is a powerful and thought-provoking story that has resonated with readers for generations. It’s a story that encourages us to think critically about our perceptions and to challenge our own biases.

Rather than simply banning the novel, perhaps it’s more beneficial to engage in open dialogues about its themes and content. This approach fosters critical thinking and encourages a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of human experience.

What is the last line of Flowers for Algernon?

The last line of *Flowers for Algernon* is “P.S. please if you get a chanse put some flowrs on Algernons grave in the bak yard.” This simple, heartfelt request reveals Charlie’s enduring affection for his friend Algernon, even as his own intellectual abilities are rapidly fading.

The story’s ending is poignant, highlighting the bittersweet nature of Charlie’s journey. While his intelligence allowed him to experience the world in a new way, it also brought him immense emotional pain. As he regresses back to his former state, Charlie understands that his memories and his connection to his friends, especially Algernon, will remain. The final line beautifully captures this essence of enduring love and acceptance.

Algernon, a laboratory mouse, served as Charlie’s companion during his intellectual ascent. The two formed a unique bond, with Algernon becoming a symbol of Charlie’s own journey. The fact that Charlie asks for flowers to be placed on Algernon’s grave speaks volumes about the profound impact their friendship had on Charlie’s life. Charlie’s simple request, written with imperfect spelling and grammar, underscores the poignancy of the story’s conclusion. It reflects both his vulnerability and his enduring love for his companion, Algernon.

See more here: What Happens To Charlie At The End Of The Story? | What Happens To Charlie In Flowers For Algernon

See more new information: barkmanoil.com

What Happens To Charlie In Flowers For Algernon? The Tragic Downfall

Let’s dive into the heart-wrenching journey of Charlie Gordon, the protagonist of Daniel Keyes’s classic novel, *Flowers for Algernon*. It’s a story that explores the complexities of intelligence, identity, and the human condition.

Charlie’s Transformation

Charlie, a mentally challenged man with an IQ of 68, undergoes a revolutionary experimental surgery that dramatically increases his intelligence. At first, it seems like a dream come true. His cognitive abilities skyrocket, and he experiences a thrilling intellectual awakening. He devours books, learns languages, and surpasses his former peers in intellectual prowess.

The Dark Side of Genius

However, the transformation is not without its shadows. As Charlie’s intelligence soars, he begins to see the world in a new and often painful light. He becomes acutely aware of his past, his limitations, and the prejudices he has faced. This newfound knowledge brings with it a sense of isolation and alienation. His relationships with friends and colleagues become strained as he realizes the extent to which they had underestimated him.

The Tragic Reversal

The most devastating aspect of Charlie’s journey is the realization that his enhanced intelligence is temporary. The experimental procedure has a limited lifespan, and as the effects wear off, his intelligence gradually declines. This descent is agonizing, as Charlie witnesses the loss of his hard-earned knowledge and abilities, slowly slipping back into his previous state.

A Deeper Look at Charlie’s Struggles

Charlie’s decline is not just a physical process; it’s a deeply emotional one. He grapples with the loss of his identity, the fleeting nature of his intellectual achievements, and the pain of being abandoned by those who once valued him. The experience strips away his sense of self-worth and leaves him with a profound sense of loss.

The Enduring Legacy

Despite the tragic ending, Charlie’s story offers a powerful and enduring message about empathy, acceptance, and the human condition. It reminds us that intelligence is just one aspect of what makes us human. Even though Charlie faces a devastating decline, he retains his humanity and his capacity for love and compassion. His story is a reminder that we must value individuals for who they are, not simply for their intellect or their achievements.

FAQs

Q: What happens to Charlie after the surgery?
A: Initially, Charlie experiences a remarkable increase in intelligence, allowing him to learn and grow at an accelerated pace. He becomes a brilliant scientist and surpasses his former peers.

Q: Why does Charlie’s intelligence decline?
A: The experimental procedure that enhanced his intelligence has a limited lifespan, and the effects begin to wear off.

Q: What is the main message of *Flowers for Algernon*?
A: The novel explores the complexities of intelligence, identity, and the human condition. It emphasizes that intelligence is just one facet of what makes us human, and we should value individuals for who they are, not for their intellect or achievements.

Q: Does Charlie regain any of his intelligence?
A: No, Charlie’s intelligence continues to decline, and he eventually returns to his pre-operative state.

Q: How does Charlie’s decline affect him emotionally?
A: Charlie experiences deep emotional distress as he loses his hard-earned knowledge, his identity, and his sense of self-worth. He also grapples with the pain of being abandoned by those who once valued him.

Q: Is there a positive outcome to Charlie’s journey?
A: While Charlie’s journey is ultimately tragic, it also serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of empathy, acceptance, and valuing individuals for their humanity, not just their intellect.

Charlie Gordon Character Analysis in Flowers for Algernon

Charlie Gordon. Charlie is the narrator and the main character of the novel, and his miraculous transformation from intellectually disabled to genius sets the stage for Keyes to address a number of broad themes and issues. SparkNotes

Charlie Gordon – CliffsNotes

Literature Notes. Flowers for Algernon. Charlie Gordon. Character Analysis Charlie Gordon. Charlie is a 32-year-old man with an I.Q. of 68, who has struggled his CliffsNotes

Flowers for Algernon: Full Book Summary | SparkNotes

Charlie worries that whatever happens to Algernon will soon happen to him as well. Algernon eventually dies. Fearing a regression to his previous level of intelligence, SparkNotes

Charlie Gordon Character Analysis in Flowers for

The protagonist and narrator of Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon starts out as a kindhearted, mentally challenged man in his early 30s, who is then given an incredible chance to become a genius when he’s LitCharts

How did Algernon impact or change Charlie in Flowers for

In Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes, what happens to Algernon and how does it effect Charlie? Sadly, Charlie discovers that the amazing increase in eNotes.com

How does Charlie’s attitude change after the operation in Flowers

Quick answer: After the operation, Charlie’s attitude changes from naive and childlike to more nuanced and self-aware. He realizes his workmates’ cruelty, eNotes.com

Analysis of Daniel Keyes’s Flowers for Algernon

If the doctors are in a certain sense using Charlie, then the parallelism between him and Algernon takes on more significance. In the short story, Charlie is implicitly similar to Algernon because the doctors Literary Theory and Criticism

Flowers for Algernon – Wikipedia

Before that happens, Charlie publishes his findings as the “Algernon–Gordon effect”, as Algernon dies. As Charlie begins to regress to his former mental state, he finds closure with his family. Rose, who Wikipedia

Flowers for Algernon | Summary, Analysis & Themes – Litbug

The flowers Charlie brings to Algernon’s grave after the mouse passes away just before he leaves for New York are the subject of the title. This deed of Litbug

Flowers for Algernon – CliffsNotes

Flowers for Algernon is a character study of one man, Charlie Gordon. Charlie is a 32-year-old developmentally disabled man who has the opportunity to CliffsNotes

Flowers For Algernon – Book Summary

What Happens To Charlie At The End Of Flowers For Algernon?

Flowers For Algernon | Two Minute Summaries

Flowers For Algernon (2000)

Flowers For Algernon: More Like Jackass

Flowers For Algernon – Science Fiction By Daniel Keyes (Audiobook)

Charly 1968 Full Hd Movie | Adapted From Flowers For Algernon

The Readers Corner: Charlie (Flowers For Algernon)

Link to this article: what happens to charlie in flowers for algernon.

Flowers For Algernon Plot Diagram | Key Analysis & Example
Flowers For Algernon Plot Diagram | Key Analysis & Example
Flowers For Algernon: Summary & Exploring The Themes Of Life
Flowers For Algernon: Summary & Exploring The Themes Of Life
Comparing Charlie Before And After In Flowers For Algernon
Comparing Charlie Before And After In Flowers For Algernon
In Retrospect: Flowers For Algernon | Nature
In Retrospect: Flowers For Algernon | Nature
Charlie Gordon From Flowers For Algernon | Charactour
Charlie Gordon From Flowers For Algernon | Charactour
Charly | Drama, Romance, Tragedy | Britannica
Charly | Drama, Romance, Tragedy | Britannica
Flowers For Algernon Plot Diagram | Key Analysis & Example
Flowers For Algernon Plot Diagram | Key Analysis & Example
Charlie Gordon | Heroes Wiki | Fandom
Charlie Gordon | Heroes Wiki | Fandom
Flowers For Algernon Themes | Symbols & Motifs Explored
Flowers For Algernon Themes | Symbols & Motifs Explored
Watch Flowers For Algernon | Prime Video
Watch Flowers For Algernon | Prime Video
Daniel Keyes, Author Of 'Flowers For Algernon,' Dies At 86 - The New York  Times
Daniel Keyes, Author Of ‘Flowers For Algernon,’ Dies At 86 – The New York Times
Flowers For Algernon - Wikipedia
Flowers For Algernon – Wikipedia
Flowers For Algernon | Sutori
Flowers For Algernon | Sutori
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes | Goodreads
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes | Goodreads
Flowers For Algernon (Radio Play By Bert Coules) – Literature And Other  Musings
Flowers For Algernon (Radio Play By Bert Coules) – Literature And Other Musings
Flowers For Algernon (Film) - Wikipedia
Flowers For Algernon (Film) – Wikipedia
Characters - Flowers For Algernon
Characters – Flowers For Algernon
Book Review: Flowers For Algernon, By Daniel Keyes | By Smerf | Medium
Book Review: Flowers For Algernon, By Daniel Keyes | By Smerf | Medium
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes | Goodreads
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes | Goodreads
Flowers For Algernon Conflict - Lesson | Study.Com
Flowers For Algernon Conflict – Lesson | Study.Com
Charlie And Algernon (Flowers For Algernon The Musical)
Charlie And Algernon (Flowers For Algernon The Musical)
Flowers For Algernon | Summary, Themes & Characters - Lesson | Study.Com
Flowers For Algernon | Summary, Themes & Characters – Lesson | Study.Com
Flowers For Algernon | Sutori
Flowers For Algernon | Sutori
Theatre Review: 'Flowers For Algernon' At Elden Street Players | Maryland  Theatre Guide
Theatre Review: ‘Flowers For Algernon’ At Elden Street Players | Maryland Theatre Guide
Charlie Goes To New York (Flowers For Algernon) - Prologue - Wattpad
Charlie Goes To New York (Flowers For Algernon) – Prologue – Wattpad
Flowers For Algernon-Part 2 - Youtube
Flowers For Algernon-Part 2 – Youtube
Flowers For Algernon (Tv Movie 2000) - Imdb
Flowers For Algernon (Tv Movie 2000) – Imdb
Charly | Drama, Romance, Tragedy | Britannica
Charly | Drama, Romance, Tragedy | Britannica
Flowers For Algernon - Wikipedia
Flowers For Algernon – Wikipedia
Flowers For Algernon | Wvu Iep Wiki | Fandom
Flowers For Algernon | Wvu Iep Wiki | Fandom
Charlie Gordon - Google Images | Flowers For Algernon, Brain Surgery,  Charlie
Charlie Gordon – Google Images | Flowers For Algernon, Brain Surgery, Charlie
Flowers For Algernon
Flowers For Algernon” Blossoms At Burroughs High – Myburbank
Flowers For Algernon-Part 1 - Youtube
Flowers For Algernon-Part 1 – Youtube
Doc) Personality Of Charlie Before And After Brain Surgery As Reflected In  Daniel Keyes'S Flowers For Algernon : A Psychological Study | Octharya  Aneezha D'Enoystick - Academia.Edu
Doc) Personality Of Charlie Before And After Brain Surgery As Reflected In Daniel Keyes’S Flowers For Algernon : A Psychological Study | Octharya Aneezha D’Enoystick – Academia.Edu
Foreshadowing In Flowers For Algernon - Lesson | Study.Com
Foreshadowing In Flowers For Algernon – Lesson | Study.Com
Inspiration For Chalie And Algernon
Inspiration For Chalie And Algernon
Daniel Keyes “Flowers For Algernon” – The Banned Books Project
Daniel Keyes “Flowers For Algernon” – The Banned Books Project
Flowers For Algernon | Sutori
Flowers For Algernon | Sutori
Kelli In
Kelli In “Flowers For Algernon” – Picspam
Topeka West Presents 'Flowers For Algernon'
Topeka West Presents ‘Flowers For Algernon’
Daniel Keyes' 'Flowers For Algernon' - Reading Whale
Daniel Keyes’ ‘Flowers For Algernon’ – Reading Whale
Flowers For Algernon | Summary, Themes & Characters - Lesson | Study.Com
Flowers For Algernon | Summary, Themes & Characters – Lesson | Study.Com
Flowers For Algernon (Tv Movie 2000) - Imdb
Flowers For Algernon (Tv Movie 2000) – Imdb
Flowers For Algernon | Sutori
Flowers For Algernon | Sutori
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes | Goodreads
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes | Goodreads
Flowers For Algernon: Keyes, Daniel: 9780151001637: Amazon.Com: Books
Flowers For Algernon: Keyes, Daniel: 9780151001637: Amazon.Com: Books
Solved] What Did Flowers For Algernon Give You? The Story Of Charlie  Gordon... | Course Hero
Solved] What Did Flowers For Algernon Give You? The Story Of Charlie Gordon… | Course Hero
Review: Flowers For Algernon | Pyles Of Books
Review: Flowers For Algernon | Pyles Of Books
Charlie Gordon In Flowers For Alegernon | Overview & Analysis - Lesson |  Study.Com
Charlie Gordon In Flowers For Alegernon | Overview & Analysis – Lesson | Study.Com
15 Facts About 'Flowers For Algernon' | Mental Floss
15 Facts About ‘Flowers For Algernon’ | Mental Floss
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes - Book Review - Kristopher Cook
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes – Book Review – Kristopher Cook
Algernon, Charlie And I: A Writer'S Journey : Plus The Complete Original  Short Novelette Version Of
Algernon, Charlie And I: A Writer’S Journey : Plus The Complete Original Short Novelette Version Of “Flowers For Algernon”: Keyes, Daniel: 9781929519002: Amazon.Com: Books
Flowers For Algernon Analysis - Lesson | Study.Com
Flowers For Algernon Analysis – Lesson | Study.Com
Marginal Gloss — Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes Is One Of...
Marginal Gloss — Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes Is One Of…
8. Flowers For Algernon. Lesson - Anthology.Docx
8. Flowers For Algernon. Lesson – Anthology.Docx
Flowers For Algernon Chapter Summaries - Enotes.Com
Flowers For Algernon Chapter Summaries – Enotes.Com
Today I Would Like To Talk About A Book Called Flowers For Algernon. | By  Vitalia Stepanenko | Medium
Today I Would Like To Talk About A Book Called Flowers For Algernon. | By Vitalia Stepanenko | Medium
Charlie Gordon From Flowers For Algernon | Charactour
Charlie Gordon From Flowers For Algernon | Charactour
Daniel Keyes, Author Of 'Flowers For Algernon,' Dies At 86 - The New York  Times
Daniel Keyes, Author Of ‘Flowers For Algernon,’ Dies At 86 – The New York Times
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes Plot Summary | Litcharts
Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes Plot Summary | Litcharts
Flowers For Algernon
Flowers For Algernon” Syndrome – Tv Tropes
Essays On
Essays On “Flowers For Algernon” – Book Summary & Free Paper Examples
Flowers For Algernon Character Analysis & Traits
Flowers For Algernon Character Analysis & Traits
Flowers For Algernon | Overview, Setting & Analysis - Lesson | Study.Com
Flowers For Algernon | Overview, Setting & Analysis – Lesson | Study.Com
Book Review: Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes – Frappes And Fiction
Book Review: Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes – Frappes And Fiction
Flowers For Algernon Summary Of Key Ideas And Review | - Blinkist
Flowers For Algernon Summary Of Key Ideas And Review | – Blinkist
Flowers For Algernon
Flowers For Algernon”: Identify The Choice That Best Answers The Question | Download Free Pdf | Narration | Question
Miss Kinnian'S Final Progress Report: A Tale Of Flowers For Algernon
Miss Kinnian’S Final Progress Report: A Tale Of Flowers For Algernon
Charly | Drama, Romance, Tragedy | Britannica
Charly | Drama, Romance, Tragedy | Britannica
Flowers For Algernon – Daniel Keyes – Bundle Of Books
Flowers For Algernon – Daniel Keyes – Bundle Of Books
Flowers For Algernon - Ms. Barry'S Literature Unit
Flowers For Algernon – Ms. Barry’S Literature Unit
8. Flowers For Algernon. Lesson - Anthology.Docx
8. Flowers For Algernon. Lesson – Anthology.Docx
Theme &
Theme & “Flowers For Algernon” Diagram | Quizlet
The Indy Book Club: Flowers For Algernon Is A Sad, Sweet Interrogation Of  What It Is To Be Human | The Independent | The Independent
The Indy Book Club: Flowers For Algernon Is A Sad, Sweet Interrogation Of What It Is To Be Human | The Independent | The Independent
Summary Of Flowers For Algernon | Pdf
Summary Of Flowers For Algernon | Pdf
Book Review “Flowers For Algernon” | By Risa Hamada | Illumination | Medium
Book Review “Flowers For Algernon” | By Risa Hamada | Illumination | Medium
Ppt - Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes Powerpoint Presentation, Free  Download - Id:2840412
Ppt – Flowers For Algernon By Daniel Keyes Powerpoint Presentation, Free Download – Id:2840412
Flowers For Algernon (Tv Movie 2000) - Imdb
Flowers For Algernon (Tv Movie 2000) – Imdb
Flowers For Algernon - By Daniel Keyes (Paperback) : Target
Flowers For Algernon – By Daniel Keyes (Paperback) : Target
Analysis Of Charlie Gordon'S Character In Flowers For Algernon: [Essay  Example], 1132 Words Gradesfixer
Analysis Of Charlie Gordon’S Character In Flowers For Algernon: [Essay Example], 1132 Words Gradesfixer

See more articles in the same category here: https://barkmanoil.com/bio